I Was A True American - 1215 Words

â€Å"Mom, why is she so dark like fillipino if she’s korean like me?†, â€Å"I thought asians were suppose to be smart†, â€Å"Since your last name is Kim are you related to Kim Jong Un?†. These were some of the comments I’ve heard growing up in, my whole life. Not just from America where people see me not as a true American but also from Korea, where there is no ethnicity difference. Growing up, I learned to understand it was because I looked different and racism is a concept that is inevitable, but the summer of seventh grade I visited Korea, it changed everything. It had been a while since I last visited Korea, I had been so young I could not remember anything. But when I went that summer when I was older, I was shocked. In a land where I thought I belonged to with my race, was doing the opposite of what I had to learn to overcome in America. In a place where I thought I looked the same still had reasons to accept me. Even though I was the same race as the people there, I still wasn’t good enough. My skin was to dark, I was too big, my face was too round, and I didn’t look ‘asian’. Racism had been consistently plaguing by my side since the beginning. I realized still a bit surprise and a tad offended, but I thought, I’m not living here in Korea anyways so why worry? And then, in the end of August my parents told me we were moving to Korea on the 30th of August. I had finally adjusted myself, and gotten everything back in place after my injury, and now I was moving. Like a houseShow MoreRelatedI Have A Dream By Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.1102 Words   |  5 Pagesof America yet as African Americans we have been unable to embrace this concept without severe punishment. From being sprayed with high powered water hoses to being brutally beaten by those that are supposed to protect and serve. In the speech, I Have A Dream by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., he elaborates on the fight African America ns have endured and sets the path for freedom and equality while We Shall Overcome by L.B Johnson speaks on providing equality for all Americans. According to Dr. MartinRead MoreEssential Differences in Terms of Black and African American Essay942 Words   |  4 PagesIn John H. McWhorter’s essay â€Å"Why I am Black, Not African American†, the term â€Å"African American† is being stressed out and misused. McWhorter says, â€Å"It’s time we descendants of slaves brought to the United States let go of the term â€Å"African American† and go back to calling ourselves black – with a capital B† (527). I agree with McWhorter’s argument about calling African American’s Black. I feel people should not be addressing a person as an â€Å"Italian American†, if one has a heritage in America. SoRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men962 Words   |  4 PagesThe definition of the American dream is the ideal that every US citizen should have an equal opportunity and the freedom to achieve the ideals of opportunity for prosperity and success, and an upward social mobility for the family and children, achieved through hard work in a society with few barriers. Some believe the American dream is possible, others believe it is not, but John Ernst Steinbeck, Jr saw that during the great depression that the American people had placed their trust into their governmentRead MoreNever to forget1710 Words   |  7 PagesThe book I read was Never To Forget The Jews of the Holocaust by Milton Meltzer. The book is written by Meltzer’s true story of the. It tells the story of when over five million Jewish people were massacred. The book has no characters. From beginning to end the book takes place in Germany. It only tells the straight forward account of the Jewish Holocaust. He writes the story in an interesting view point because he is an old American Jew, watching events of the war from newspapers and ra dios. WritingRead MoreWhy The Colonists Become American After The Revolution?1348 Words   |  6 Pagesover when the British colonists become American. Is it before the American Revolution? During the American? Or after the American Revolution? Besides these questions there are also questions regarding what an American is and when it comes to the Civil War who were the Americans? In the case we will look at events in history and three books to get a better understanding and come to a conclusion. In my opinion the colonists become American after the Revolution. I specifically believe it is when the constitutionRead MoreThe Role Of Government On The Government776 Words   |  4 PagesShelter being one the basic need of an individual, I agree with the fact that home ownership is a core component of the American dream. Just as the post identifies, it is true that the development of this act was in response to the great recession that hit the country. It is also true that the act aimed at boosting the economy of the country and it did this mostly by creating jobs and providing relief for the Americans. It aimed at helping the Americans who were left struggling after the recession. Question:Read MoreThe Ford Mustang And The Corvette1553 Words   |  7 Pagespast sixty years, the American car scene has been dominated by two completely different vehicles and the entire communities that believe in them. Both designed, founded, and rooted in Detroit, Michigan, the Ford Mustang and the Corvette have continued to fuel the chase for the label of America’s true muscle car. The question over the years has been, why and how do consumers choose which to own, and which one is our â€Å"bald eagle†? Investigating deeper into the roots of each American superpower, it allRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave1552 Words   |  7 PagesSeun Ajongbolo HUMA 202.001 Dr. Derwin Campbell 04/23/2015 Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself Theme: False versus True Christianity In this theme, Fredrick Douglass contrasts the both forms of Christianity to show the underlying hypocrisy in slavery. The results show that slavery is not religious as it exposes the evils in human bondage. These ideals however can be distorted so as to fit in the society. Two forms of Christianity are presented in â€Å"TheRead MoreTim OBriens The Things They Carried Essay1350 Words   |  6 PagesThere is no lack of interpretations or assumptions of what Americans believe about the war; stating their opinions about politics or the military is not something they are afraid of doing. Whichever way a person wants to perceive the war is entirely up to them, but the viewpoints of the soldiers’ who are fighting in said war, show perspectives that are often entirely opposite of the views of those Americans. Tim O’Brien’s The Thing They Carried offers insight on the Vietnam War as told by soldiersRead MoreAfrican Americans And African American Culture953 Words   |  4 Pagesperception of the African American culture. One common characteristic is that African Americans are much more likely to live in poverty and poverty stricken areas than White Americans (McNamara Burns, 2009). What I have learned it is not as simple as African Am ericans are poorer than White Americans. While the statement is true, it is simplistic. There are many reasons and. causes for the disparity in wealth and income between African Americans and White American. One explanation given by

Prevention Of Hiv And Aids - 927 Words

HIV and AIDS have been on the rise in Alabama in the last 10 years. It amazes me that people do not take HIV and Aids more seriously. The reason I chose this topic was because I think we can do more to educate people on the effects of HIV and Aids. I came across a couple of interesting situations that I read about on social media. One thing was how easy people forget that they have a moral compass once they have contracted HIV and Aids. Then they think there life is over and proceed to try to get back at people by just sleeping with anybody they can find. Being mad at the world and not taking responsibility for their actions is what caught my attention and is why I chose this subject. In my paper I will be talking about the percentage of people in Alabama with HIV or Aids. The ways you can contract those diseases. How to treat the disease and where you can go to get tested. Which counties that have the most people that are infected. How the antidote is coming along for the treatment for HIV and or Aids. Why people choose not to get tested for HIV and or Aids. What precautions to take so you can prevent getting the diseases. Most people in today’s society do not know the difference between HIV and Aids. HIV stands for Human immunodeficiency virus. Aids stands for Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. My current profession consists of possible interaction with HIV and AIDS patients. In my experience you cannot really tell by just looking at someone if they have the disease. ItShow MoreRelatedPrevention Of Hiv / Aids Essay1641 Words   |  7 Pagesindividuals diagnosed with HIV/AIDS involve several factors as it relates to a chronic disease. According to Auslander Freedenthal in Gehlert Browne (2012), HIV/AIDS is a chronic disease that once diagnosed, requires adherence to complex and challenging treatment regimens. Prevention of this disease requires changes in behavior that would lead to the reduction of less risky sexual behaviors. Harm reduction is a particular treatment approach that is used with HIV/AIDS individuals. As stated byRead MorePrevention Of Hiv / Aids1973 Words   |  8 Pages Prevention of HIV/Aids in Thailand Abstract This paper looks at increases in the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Thailand in the early 1990 s and the action taken to address this health issue. As a solution, the National AIDS committee of Thailand took an initiative to form the 100 Percent Condom Program. This program not only made condom use a requirement but also promoted health education in regard to HIV/AIDS. One of the major sources of the spread of HIV in Thailand was the increase of the diseaseRead MoreThe Prevention Of Hiv / Aids1772 Words   |  8 Pagesmany blood borne viruses, which produce financial penalties and which can differ in their consequence depending on locality (Bell, Selby, McMickens, 2011). Some are Hepatitis B and C, syphilis, chlamydia and HIV/AIDs just to name a few. This report will focus on the HIV/AIDs virus. HIV is a deliberate retrovirus, meaning that not merely does it take months to display any signs but then can also take years to mature fully (Bell, et. al, 2011). The virus attacks the white cells by replicating itselfRead MoreThe Prevention Of Hiv / Aids Essay2109 Words   |  9 PagesIt is imaginable for anyone to foresee that they would have been heartbroken to discover someone who worked with them or rode the same train as them had HIV/AIDS. It was a disease that the carrier did not talk about at all because of the death sentence it carried or stigma associated with it. It probably was not talked about because the ones with the disease did not know how to explain the properties of the disease and/or how it is transmitted. It was always talked about as a gay man’s diseaseRead MoreThe Prevention Of Hiv / Aids1591 Words   |  7 Pagesthese deadly diseases among Africans, the proposal should be made. Not only should this idea resolve the spread of diseases in Africa, but also stop them from spreading to places outside of these infected countries. Diseases such as Malaria, HIV/AIDS, Ebola, and Syphilis are common in many Sub-Saharan Africa and other impoverished African countries. They spread amongst humans so easily, keeping the non-infected people away from the infected is important to prevent an increase in cases. WhileRead MoreAids Prevention And Testing Of Hiv / Aids1205 Words   |  5 PagesLaMaack Mrs. Reaves Advanced Writing 8 October, 2015 AIDS Prevention and Testing â€Å"More than 1.2 million americans are living with HIV, including 156,300 who don’t realize it† (Kaplan). The HIV/AIDS epidemic hit a peak in the 2000’s. These diseases attack the immune system making them incapable of fighting off diseases. Specifically, HIV,human immunodeficiency virus, attacks the immune system, weakening it, and slowly making it produce more HIV-cells. AIDS,acquired immune deficiency syndrome, then takesRead MoreThe Prevention Of Hiv / Aids Essay984 Words   |  4 Pagesblessed to have health professional that were able to discover HIV/AIDS and the causes of Kaposi s Sarcoma and Pneumocystis pneumonia of homosexual men in July 1981, following the report of these cases of PCP and cases of other rare life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers in America we began to recognize the importance of being aware of HIV/AIDS (Altman). Maybe not need These articles outlined major events in the AIDS epidemic. The thing that stood out to me is the information onRead MorePrevention of Spread of Hiv/Aids1798 Words   |  8 Pagesmain ways the HIV can be spread: 1. Sexual intercourse 2. Intravenous drugs 3. Blood transfusions (which are very rare now because all blood is tested) HIV is spreading like wild fire among adolescents because they dont believe it can happen to them. Prevention for positives is only possible if a person knows his or her HIV status. Voluntary counseling and testing strategies (VCT), a cornerstone of HIV prevention, has generally been seen as a first defense against the spread of HIV disease, withRead MorePrevention Of The Spread Of Hiv / Aids Essay3367 Words   |  14 PagesThe objective of this paper is aimed at investigating interventions for the control of the spread of HIV/AIDS in the United States, comparing both the rural and urban areas. According to the Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services â€Å"an intervention is a combination of program elements or strategies designed to produce behavior changes or improve health status among individuals or an entire population† Interventions may include educational programs, new or stronger policies, improvementsRead MoreCommunication Methods For Hiv / Aids Prevention1336 Words   |  6 PagesIn Botswana, the government pushes the â€Å"ABC strategy† (Ntsean e, p. 17) for HIV/AIDS prevention. â€Å"ABC† stands for abstain from sex, be faithful, or always use condoms. The government tried to get Africans to follow through with one of these three choices. These communication methods reduce HIV/AIDS infection rates since it informs the citizens of the issues and on how to prevent infection. However, sex workers will disregard this information because they have no other choice. The government also tried

Capitalism Vs Socialism Free Essays

Capitalism’s central idea is that the marketplace decides what will be made and sold. In Capitalism the government exists to protect individual rights. Capitalism fir SST emerged in the 16th century; Capitalism in Europe was preceded by feudalism. We will write a custom essay sample on Capitalism Vs Socialism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Capitalism ca n be tracked back all the way to Western Europe during the Middle Ages. Then it began to devil pop into a more modern version during the Early Modern Period in countries in northwestern Europe, like the Netherlands and Europe. The founder of Capitalism was Adam Smith; he creak Ted Capitalism around the 18th century. Socialism is an economic system in which the government owns and controls manufacturing, and is also responsible for planning the economy. Socialism w as created in the early 1 8th century by Karl Marx. Socialism was created in an attempt to eliminate ate the differences Hernandez 2 between the rich and the poor. If you are a socialist you are not allowed to owe n anything not even a house! Socialism is the concept that individuals should not have ownership of land, money, or industries. But the whole whole community collectively owns and controls pro Perry, goods, and production. In the other hand under Capitalism, individuals own and control I ND, money, and even production of industries. The individuals are even free to own homes an d cars. Capitalist also have the freedom to live where ever they want Socialism was emerged to eliminate the rich and the poor. But Capitalism me urged because of the problems in the feudal society and because of the industrial re volition government started to change. Personally I like capitalism more because of all the freedom people have and I believe that it is unfair that if someone works more or less t hen someone else they get paid the same and that is basically what socialism is. How to cite Capitalism Vs Socialism, Papers

Economics of Contract Law

Question 1: If a contract is silent as to the sum to be paid by the employer to the contractor for the works, the law implies into the contract an obligation on the employer to pay a reasonable price for the works carried out. Drawing on examples from standard form contracts, highlight how express terms have been used to give effect to and/or modify the assessment of the reasonable price the law would, in the absence of express terms as to the sum payable, require the employer to pay. Question 2: It was in the nineteenth century first and foremost that a philosophy of freedom of contract was established. Embedded in this philosophy was not only the freedom to enter into and negotiate the terms of contract, but also the right of the parties to determine the levels of compensation payable in the event of a breach'. Evaluate the extent to which this approach is, today, reflected in the ability of a party to impose penalties on the other party in the event of a breach of contract. Question 3: Ethel, a property developer, decided to build a house (the house) for herself and her family. She wanted the house to be modern in design and built largely of reinforced concrete and glass. She also wanted the house to provide a place in which she could display her valuable collection of paintings throughout. The Dominant Cause Partnership (DCP) is a leading firm of architects that specialise in the construction of such dwellings. At a meeting with Ahmed, a senior partner in DCP, Ethel described the nature of her painting collection. She explained that her paintings would be damaged by sunlight and that, if she were to go ahead with the project, it was vitally important to her that the glass walls of the house should protect the paintings from sunlight. Ahmed assured her that modern glass-making technology would offer her paintings the protection needed. Ethel then entered into a contract with DCP for the design of the house. DCP produced a design, detailed drawings and technical specifications for the house. DCPs involvement in the project ended at that point and Ethel paid DCPs bill. She then took over the management of the construction of the house herself. Ethel ordered materials and engaged a building company, which constructed the house. Both the construction of the house and the materials ordered were in strict compliance with DCPs drawings and specifications. Once the glass had been fitted Ethel soon discovered that it possessed none of the light-protecting qualities required. Upon investigation, it was discovered that whilst the glass conformed to the specification ordered by Ethel and specified by DCP, DCPs specification for the glass was incorrect. It is estimated that the cost of replacing the glass will increase the building cost of the house from 1,000,000 to 1,500,000. The value of Ethels paintings is estimated at 750,000. 1.Advise Ethel on any claims that she may have against DCP in breach of contract. 2. Advise Ethel on the damages she may recover if she is successful; include in your advice the principles the court will use when deciding whether to award substantial damages in respect of breach of contract. Answers: 1: Contract means a lawfully enforceable agreement between at least two parties based upon some terms and conditions depending upon which the parties to the contract performs their obligation as to each other in relation to the terms of the contract (Meyer, 2010). The validity of a contract depends upon its essentials, these are mandatory for the purpose of constructing a valid legal contract. The essentials of a contract are as follows: 1. The parties to the contract must have attained the age of maturity at the time of entering into the contract.2. The free consent of the parties to the contract is mandatory for the purpose of forming a valid contract.3. The parties to the contract must be of sound mind and they are enough capable for understanding the terms and conditions as well as the consequences of the contract.4. The subject matter of the contract must not be illegal in nature and any terms or conditions of the contract must not contravene any provision of any law in force (Suez environment awarded contract in UAE, 2008).5. Another most important essential factor of a valid contract is consideration, without consideration no valid contract can be formed (Frey and Frey, 2001).Here, in the mentioned circumstances the sum which is to be paid by the employer to the contractor is not given but the obligation from the part of the contractor is implicated in an implied manner. But according to the provisions of the law of contracts in United Arab Emirates, any contract without consideration of either party is void and shall not have any legal enforceability as well as the binding force of law (Fattal and Schutz, 2008). Consideration is what a party to the contract receives in against of performing his part of obligation in the course of the contract. The consideration of a contract may be or may not be calculated in the economic form or any other kind. Consideration is a promise to do anything or to abstain from doing anything, which may or may not have any financial relation (Elliott and Quinn, 2007). For example if A and B enters into a contract and A says to be if B gives his pen to A, he will never talk to Bs wife C anymore. Here, As consideration is the pencil and Bs consideration is the promise made by A that he will never talk to Bs wife C. So it is not necessary that the consideration of a contract must be financial in nature, rather it is a promise to perform any particular act which may be in relation to the economic factor or may not. Without consideration if any contract is formed then that will be a void contract and if the consideration from either party is not mentioned properly then it would be difficult to determine the part of consideration in enforceability of the contract (Richards, 2006). In the famous case of Browning Vs Johnson, the Ld Court has observed that the forbearance of a lawful right of either party to the contract is a valid consideration for the other party of the contract subject to the consent of the parties. The court also held that a promise to surrender a lawful right from the part of either of the parties to the contract is a valid consideration for the other party to the contract. Subsequently, consideration need not to be adequate or parallel to the comparative value, but it is sufficient that either of the party to the contract made promise to do anything or abstain from doing anything against the performance of the other party in the course of the contract (Hillman, 1997).According to the Article 267 of the United Arab Emirates Civil Code independent annihilation of a contract cannot have any legal effect in the United Arab Emirates, however the observation of the Courts in United Arab Emirates demonstrate that the employer in construction cases be able to be permitted to unilaterally conclude a contract, subject to some exceptions. In a current Appeal judgment in a court with competent jurisdiction, it was observed that the grounds behind this exemption are that muqawala type of contracts often takes an extended period of time to conclude and situation may transform in the period connecting formation of contract and completion of the work of the contract. This exemption has its pedigree in Egyptian law (Bechor, 2007). In this case, the court observed that when a chief contractor provides notice of annihilation to the subcontractor, the contract of muqawala terminates and the chief contractor have to pay compensation the subcontractor for the expenditures incurred, any work previously performed and defeat of profit which is expected by the subcontractor to earn by taking responsibilities of the work (Company, 2015). The main reason behind the concept of reasonable price is that no one should be deprived of what he is entitled. If any party to the contract performs his part of obligation then he is entitled to get his consideration, in the mentioned circumstances in the question, the actual amount of consideration was not mentioned but there was something which could have been taken in account as consideration though it was not specific for that purpose the principal of reasonable price applies. In the case of Baird Textile Holdings Ltd v MS plc, it was observed by the Ld. Court that if the price is uncertain the terms of the contract then the either of the party give terminate the contract by serving a notice of termination but if either of the party has already performed his obligation then the other party have to perform his part of duty in the course of the contract, if it is uncertain then the principal of reasonable price may be applied (McKendrick, 2007). In the case of Scammell and Nephew Ltd v Ouston, it was held by the Ld. Court that if the actual quantity of consideration is not mentioned in the terms of the contract then it is not possible for the courts to determine the actual reasonable price in relation to the consideration as it depends upon various factors like market, conditions, quality of work and most importantly the kind of performance, whether it is performed in accordance with the terms of the contract or not (Christ water technology subsidiary awarded UAE contract, 2007). 2: In this regard it should be mentioned that in case of a breach of contract penalty was the only remedy in the nineteenth century, but in present scenario this concept has changed a lot. Nowadays, in case of a breach of contract by either party to the contract there are three possible way in relation to the remedy. These are, (i) Compensation or damages, (ii) Specific performance, and (iii) Injunction. As per the information provided in the context of the question a party to the contract was not only empowered to negotiate the terms of the contract but also impose penalties upon the other party in case of a breach of contract (Knight and Satchell, 2007). The level of penalty was also determined by the aggrieved party of the contract. But in present legal scenario things changed to a very far extend, now any person may enter into a valid contract subject to the competency of the person, may also negotiate the terms and conditions of the contract but if there is any breach of contract t hen the for the purpose of complying appropriate remedy the aggrieved party have to approach to the court of law with competent jurisdiction (Carter, 2012). Only the court of law has the power to impose penalty upon the other party to the contract or to give decree in favor of any other form of remedy which is available in the course of such breach of contract. Whether there is any scope for imposing penalty or not that also is determined by the concern court with competent jurisdiction. These issues are generally decided by the court depending upon various factors in accordance with the terms of the contract as well as the law of contract of the country. For example, if in case of breach of contract, where chances of specific performance is more possible than imposing penalty, then the court of law with competent jurisdiction may give a decree in favor of specific performance of the contract but if there is no scope for specific performance or if it is done it would not serve the l oss of the aggrieved party then the court may impose penalty upon the defendant. Here the aggrieved party is not authorized to take any action in relation to imposing penalty by himself; the court of law will award it, if the court thinks fit and proper. For illustration, A and B entered into a contract, where A has paid a sum of money to B and B was obliged to construct a building in the adjacent land of the house of A but B has not constructed the building, here the scope of specific performance is very much available, so B may be compelled to perform his duty unless he have to pay compensation along with the sum of money received in this regard, to A. From the nineteenth century till today, the concept of penalties in case of breach of contract has changed a lot. Now the term penalty has became more adequate in the legal field in the name of damages. The process of determining the penalty is also changed as per the development of the legal surroundings. Damages are determined by two forms which are; liquidated damages and un-liquidated damages. Liquidated damages is a form of damages where the actual loss suffered by the aggrieved party because of the breach of contract can be calculated and depending upon which penalty can be imposed, for example A and B entered into a contract, where A gave a sum of 1000 $ to B and asked to construct a building adjacent to the house of A, and also promised to pay the balance amount of money which is 1500$ after completing the construction, but after the construction has been complete, A refuses to pay the balance amount of money to B, here the loss suffered by B is specific and can be easily cal culated, so it falls within the within the purview of the concept of liquidated damages. But if in the same case the amount of money was not specified and the cost of construction made by B, was not recorded then it would not be possible for the court to determine the actual amount of loss suffered by B in this regard, so the court may impose a lump sum amount of damages in favor of B, this will fall under the concept un-liquidated damages as it was not able to calculate the actual amount of loss suffered by the aggrieved party (Cohen and McKendrick, 2005). In a famous English case ofHillas Co Ltd v Arcos Ltd, the house of lord observed that in breach of contract if the specification of the kind of breach and loss suffered by the aggrieved party is sufficient then the court of law may grant compensation upon the defendant in a specific way and the amount of compensation would be very much adequate in accordance with the breach as well as the terms and conditions of the contract. In the case of Carlton Communications and Granada Media plc v The Football League, the court of law with competent jurisdiction held that compensation is a right of the aggrieved party in case of a breach in course of a contract but if there is sufficient and justified ground of such breach of contract from the part of the defendant of suit then the amount of compensation may be waived and if it breach happened due to any natural disaster then neither of the parties to the contract shall be liable for any sought of penalty. In the case of Hadley v Baxendale, the court of law held that the aggrieved party to a breach of contract is entitled to get back the losses suffered due to the breach but any loss of anticipated income or gain is not permissible to be reimbursed from the defendant due to the breach of contract and the amount of damages shall be calculated depending upon the actual loss suffered by the aggrieved party (Grundmann, 2007). In the present legal scenario, the right of the aggrieved party has been changed to some extend especially as to rights in case of a breach of contract. Previously in the nineteenth century the parties to the contract has the right not only to enter into the contract and negotiate the terms of the contract but also to determine the level of compensation in case of the breach of contract (Fattal and Schutz, 2008). But in present legal scenario things have been changed, the court of law with competent jurisdiction has the authority to determine the level of compensation in case of a breach of contract (Beale and Tallon, 2002). Not only that whether there is any scope for the imposition of penalty is available or not or any other form of remedy is available to the aggrieved party or not, shall also determined by the court of law with competent jurisdiction. If the court of law things fit and proper then only the decree relating to the compensation shall be given and the form of damages shall also be determined by the court of law by applying its discretionary power (Fitzpatrick, 2004). In present society the scope of contract law has been noticeably increased in comparison to the nineteenth century, many cases are disposed depending upon the discretion of the court of law as every case is different every aspect is dissimilar and the region of contract law has been tremendously improved. In the case of Victoria Laundry (Windsor) Ltd v Newman Industries Ltd, the house of lord held that in case of a breach of contract the parties to the contract are at a liberty to solve the dispute by way of negotiating the terms of the contract or any other form of alternative dispute resolution but neither of the party has the right to impose the level of compensation upon the other party of the contract, if it does then it will not bear the binding force of law, for that purpose the aggrieved party have to approach the court of law with competent jurisdiction (Geest, 2011). From the above discussion it can be concluded that since the period of nineteenth century there has been a lot of changes arrived in scope of contract law. Many great judgments have been given by the court of law with competent jurisdiction and many great doctrines have been also evolved in relation to the concept of contract law and various contractual aspects. In spite of these alteration and changes the basic structure of the contract law remains the same as it was it the earlier period of time (Beale, 2010). In future it is very much possible that a lot more changes to the concept of agreements and contracts is going to be changed but the fundamental requirements and structure of the law of contract would be similar to that of it is in present (Stone and Cunnington, 2007). 3 (a): Under the mentioned circumstances, Ethel has the right to sue the Dominant Cause Partnership (DCP), as in the course of the contract formed between Ethel and the Dominant Cause Partnership, it was mentioned by Ethel that what kind of glasses she need for the purpose of protecting her paintings and she also talk about the nature of her painting and the kind of exhibition she would like to made. The representative of the company DCP assured Ethel that they will make the in such a manner that there shall be no scope for any damage to her painting by way of sunlight as they will specify superior quality of modern glasses which will offer her paintings a greater perspective as to protection from sunlight, but the company DCP has not complied their obligation in this regard as after constructing the house Ethel realize that the they specified was not up to the mark and it was not matching such quality as per the description made by the representative of DCP, they has prescribed some other kind of glass material dissimilar to her requirement and the term of the contract. For that purpose Ethel could have suffer from the loss of damage to her valuable paintings apart from that though the paintings has not been damaged yet before that it came to the knowledge of Ethel, but the DCP has violated the condition of the contract as well as Ethel have to bear the cost of change the fitted glass prescribed by the DCP. Hence, the liability lies upon the company that is Dominant Causes Partners. Because of their misconduct Ethel have to incur an additional expense for the purpose of changing the glass. So, Ethel has the right to reimburse all the expenditures in relation to change the wall glasses prescribed by the DCP. Though the cost of changing the glasses is higher than the actual cost of the paintings but in course of the contract there were nothing mentioned regarding the painting except the factors which may damage the painting and the protection of the painting that is the quality glasses for wall, which were the main subject matter of the breach of contract (Ellinghaus, 2007). For that purpose DCP have to bear the expenses in relation to change the wrong glasses which were fitted due to misconduct from the part of the DCP. If DCP have perfectly discharged his duty in the course of the contract in issue then Ethel would not have to change the glasses as well as the terms of the contract woul d not have been violated. In the case of Koufos v Czarnikow LtdorThe Heron II, it was observed by the Ld. Court that the plaintiff is entitled to get all the loss suffered due to the breach of contract or due to the negligence from the part of the defendant or due to any misconduct from the part of the defendant in the course of the contract, but loss of any anticipatory income is not permitted to be reimbursed by the plaintiff (Poole, 2006). 3 (b): Under the mentioned circumstances, Ethel is entitled to get compensation from the Dominant Causes Partners (DCP), as the company DCP has violated the right of Ethel in the course of the contract, not only that the company DCP has not performed their duty with due diligence in accordance with the terms of the contract for that reason Ethel not only have to incur the expenses for changing the glasses she has harassed, her legal right has been infringed and there was a possibility of causing damage to her painting. Because of that DCP is liable not only to pay the amount of loss in relation to change the glasses but also to pay damages in this regard. Generally in a situation like this the court awards liquidated damages as the cost of changing the glasses are estimated as well as if the painting would have been damaged the cost of which is also calculable, so, there is maximum possibility of awarding liquidated damages in this regard. In the case of Jackson v Royal Bank of Scotland, th e court of law with competent jurisdiction has observed that if the legal right of any party to a contract is violated in the course of the contract then the other party who is responsible for such violation is responsible to pay compensation to the aggrieved party of the contract in issue along with all the loss suffered by the aggrieved party (Kovac, 2011; Lexology.com, 2015). In the case of Williams v Roffey Bros, it was observed by the court of law, that in case of a breach of contact if the right of either of the party is infringed by the other party in relation to the contract then the aggrieved party is entitled to be compensated by the party to the contract who has infringed such right whether deliberately or not, but if the right has been infringed due to any natural consequences and the things were beyond control of the parties to the contract then neither of the party is liable for payment of any sought of damages (Williams v Roffey Bros, [1990]). In the mentioned case of Ethel, here the right of Ethel has been infringed by the Dominant Causing Partners, so it is not essential that whether it has been done intentionally or not, the main issue is that the right of Ethel has been infringed by the misconduct and improper discharge of duty from the part of the Dominant Causes Partners and there were no scope of natural disaster in such violation of ri ght (Stone, 2007; Baird, 2007). References Baird, D. (2007).Economics of contract law. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Beale, H. (2010).Cases, materials and text on contract law. Oxford [England]: Hart Pub. Beale, H. and Tallon, D. (2002).Contract law. Oxford [England]: Hart Pub. Bechor, G. (2007).The Sanhuri Code, and the emergence of modern Arab civil law (1932 to 1949). Leiden: Brill. Carter, J. (2012).Carter's breach of contract. Oxford: Hart Pub. Christ water technology subsidiary awarded UAE contract. (2007).Membrane Technology, 2007(10), p.6. Cohen, N. and McKendrick, E. 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